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''Bacillus coagulans'' is a lactic acid-forming bacterial species within the genus ''Bacillus''. The organism was first isolated and described as ''Bacillus coagulans'' in 1915 by B.W. Hammer at the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station as a cause of an outbreak of coagulation in evaporated milk packed by an Iowa condensary.〔Hammer, B. W. 1915. Bacteriological studies on the coagulation of evaporated milk. Iowa Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Bull. 19:119-131〕 Separately isolated in 1935 and described as ''Lactobacillus sporogenes'' in the fifth edition of'' Bergey's Manual'', it exhibits characteristics typical of both genera ''Lactobacillus'' and ''Bacillus'', its taxonomic position between the families Lactobacillaceae and Bacillaceae was often debated. However, in the seventh edition of Bergey’s, it was finally transferred to the genus ''Bacillus''. DNA-based technology was used in distinguishing between the two genera of bacteria which are morphologically similar and possess similar physiological and biochemical characteristics.〔(Bacillus coagulans (Lactobacillus sporogenes) a probiotic ? )〕〔http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/allnamesac.html Official list of bacterial names〕 ''B. coagulans'' is a Gram-positive rod (0.9 by 3.0 to 5.0 μm in size), catalase positive, spore-forming, motile, and a facultative anaerobe. It may appear Gram-negative when entering the stationary phase of growth. The optimum temperature for growth is 50°C (122°F) ; range of temperatures tolerated are 30-55°C (86-131°F). IMViC tests VP and MR (methyl-red) tests are positive. ==Uses== ''Bacillus coagulans'' has been added by the EFSA to their Qualified Presumption of Safety list〔http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1211902221481.htm The maintenance of the list of QPS microorganisms intentionally added to food or feed - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards〕 and has been approved for veterinary purposes as GRAS by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Veterinary Medicine, as well as by the European Union, and is listed by AAFCO for use as a direct-fed microbial in livestock production. It is often used in veterinary applications, especially as a probiotic in pigs, cattle, poultry, and shrimp. Many references to use of this bacterium in humans exist, especially in improving the vaginal flora,〔Hong et al., 2005; SCAN〕〔http://www.newcenturyhealthpublishers.com/probiotics_and_prebiotics/about/pdf/3-10.pdf〕 improving abdominal pain and bloating in irritable bowel syndrome patients, and increasing immune response to viral challenges. There is evidence from animal research that suggests that bacillus coagulans is effective in both treating as well as preventing recurrence of clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. One strain of this bacterium has also been assessed for safety as a food ingredient. Spores are activated in the acidic environment of the stomach and begin germinating and proliferating in the intestine. Sporeforming ''B. coagulans'' strains are used in some countries as probiotics for patients on antibiotics. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bacillus coagulans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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